Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DM0QV1J)

Drug Name

Baclofen

Synonyms

Arbaclofen; (R)-Baclofen; 69308-37-8; (R)-4-Amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid; d-Baclofen; (-)-Baclofen; (R)-(-)-Baclofen; R-Baclofen; R-(-)-Baclofen; STX209; (3R)-4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid; UNII-NYU6UTW25B; l-Baclofen; STX 209; (R)-4-Amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butyric Acid; NYU6UTW25B; CHEMBL301742; AK109161; Benzenepropanoic acid, beta-(aminomethyl)-4-chloro-, (R)-; Benzeneporopanoic acid, (beta-(aminomethyl)-4-chloro-, (betaR)-; Arbaclofen [USAN:INN]; R-Baclofen RS; Arbaclofen (USAN); p-chlorophenyl GABA; ApoBaclofen; Atrofen; Baclofene; BaclofeneIrex; Baclofeno; Baclofenum; Baclon; Baclophen; Baclospas; Clofen; Gabalon; GenBaclofen; Genpharm; Kemstro; Lebic; Lioresal; NuBaclo; PMSBaclofen; ASTA Medica Brand of Baclofen; Alphapharm Brand of Baclofen; Apo Baclofen; Apotex Brand of Baclofen; Ashbourne Brand of Baclofen; Athena Brand of Baclofen; Baclofen AWD; Baclofen Alphapharm Brand; Baclofen Apotex Brand; Baclofen Ashbourne Brand; Baclofen Athena Brand; Baclofen Irex Brand; Baclofen Isis Brand; Baclofen Medtronic Brand; Baclofen Novartis Brand; Baclofen Pharmascience Brand; Baclofene Irex; Chlorophenyl GABA; Ciba Geigy Brand of Baclofen; Gen Baclofen; Irex Brand of Baclofen; Isis Brand of Baclofen; Lioresal Intrathecal; Medtronic Brand of Baclofen; Novartis Brand of Baclofen; Nu Baclo; Nu Pharm Brand of Baclofen; PMS Baclofen; Pharmascience Brand of Baclofen; B 5399; Ba 34647; Ba34647; C 34647Ba; AWD, Baclofen; Apo-Baclofen; Ba-34647; Ba34,647; Baclofen Ciba-Geigy Brand; Baclofen Nu-Pharm Brand; Baclofene [INN-French]; Baclofene-Irex; Baclofeno [INN-Spanish]; Baclofenum [INN-Latin]; CIBA34,647BA; Ciba-Geigy Brand of Baclofen; DL-Baclofen; GABA, Chlorophenyl; Gen-Baclofen; Kemstro (TN); Lioresal (TN); Nu-Baclo; Nu-Baclofen; Nu-Pharm Brand of Baclofen; PCP-GABA; Pms-Baclofen; Ba-34,647; Baclofen (R,S); Ciba 34,647-Ba; Baclofen (JP15/USP/INN); Baclofen [USAN:INN:BAN:JAN]; Beta-(4-Chlorophenyl)gaba; CIBA-34,647-BA; Beta-(Aminomethyl)-4-chlorobenzenepropanoic acid; Beta-(Aminomethyl)-p-chlorohydrocinnamic acid; Beta-(p-Chlorophenyl)-gamma-aminobutyric acid; DL-4-Amino-3-p-chlorophenylbutanoic acid; Gamma-Amino-beta-(p-chlorophenyl)butyric acid; Benzenepropanoic acid, beta-(aminomethyl)-4-chloro-(9CI); (+-)-Baclofen; (+/-)-BACLOFEN; (+/-)-beta-(Aminoethyl)-4-chlorobenzenepropanoic acid; (+/-)-beta-(Aminomethyl)-4-chlorobenzenepropanoic acid; (inverted question mark)-Baclofen; 4-Amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid; 4-Amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butyric acid; (R)-4-Amino-3-(4-chloro-phenyl)-butyric acid

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Multiple sclerosis	8A40	Approved	[1], [2]
Fragile X syndrome	LD55	Phase 3	[3]

Therapeutic Class

Muscle Relaxants

Drug Type

Small molecular drug

Structure

3D MOL

2D MOL

#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0

Molecular Weight (mw)

213.66

Topological Polar Surface Area (xlogp)

-1

Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds)

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor)

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc)

ADMET Property

BDDCS Class: Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 3: high solubility and low permeability [4]
Bioavailability: 90% of drug becomes completely available to its intended biological destination(s) [5]
Clearance: The sytemic clearance of drug is 180 mL/min [6]
Elimination: Seventy to eighty (70 - 80%) of a dose is measured in the urine as unchanged drug [6]
Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 5.5 hours [7]
Metabolism: The drug is metabolized via the liver [7]
MRTD: The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 6.22468 micromolar/kg/day [8]
Unbound Fraction: The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.69% [9]
Vd: The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 59 L [6]
Water Solubility: The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 2.1 mg/mL [4]

Chemical Identifiers

Formula: C10H12ClNO2
IUPAC Name: 4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid
Canonical SMILES: C1=CC(=CC=C1C(CC(=O)O)CN)Cl
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H12ClNO2/c11-9-3-1-7(2-4-9)8(6-12)5-10(13)14/h1-4,8H,5-6,12H2,(H,13,14)
InChIKey: KPYSYYIEGFHWSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Cross-matching ID

PubChem CID: 2284
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:2972
CAS Number: 1134-47-0
DrugBank ID: DB00181
TTD ID: D01AJY
VARIDT ID: DR00858
ACDINA ID: D00057

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor (GABBR)	TTDCVZW	GABR1_HUMAN; GABR2_HUMAN	Modulator	[10], [11]

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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

MIA Detail

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Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Baclofen (Comorbidity)

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Comorbidity	REF
Oliceridine	DM6MDCF	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Oliceridine.	Acute pain [MG31]	[22]
Dihydrocodeine	DMB0FWL	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Dihydrocodeine.	Chronic pain [MG30]	[23]
Morphine	DMRMS0L	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Morphine.	Chronic pain [MG30]	[22]
Olopatadine	DMKMWQG	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Olopatadine.	Conjunctiva disorder [9A60]	[24]
Alfentanil	DMVO0UB	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Alfentanil.	Corneal disease [9A76-9A78]	[22]
Remifentanil	DMZTXCH	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Remifentanil.	Corneal disease [9A76-9A78]	[22]
Methadone	DMTW6IU	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Methadone.	Cough [MD12]	[22]
Ethanol	DMDRQZU	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Ethanol.	Cystitis [GC00]	[24]
Brimonidine	DMQLT4N	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Brimonidine.	Glaucoma [9C61]	[25]
Allopregnanolone	DMNLHAC	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Allopregnanolone.	Mental/behavioural/neurodevelopmental disorder [6E20-6E8Z]	[26]
Lasmiditan	DMXLVDT	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Lasmiditan.	Migraine [8A80]	[27]
Flibanserin	DM70DTN	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Flibanserin.	Mood disorder [6A60-6E23]	[28]
Thalidomide	DM70BU5	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Thalidomide.	Multiple myeloma [2A83]	[29]
Levomethadyl Acetate	DM06HG5	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Levomethadyl Acetate.	Opioid use disorder [6C43]	[23]
Apraclonidine	DMO4PVE	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Apraclonidine.	Optic nerve disorder [9C40]	[25]
Pentazocine	DM1XBHS	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Pentazocine.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[22]
Dextropropoxyphene	DM23HCX	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Dextropropoxyphene.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[30]
Butorphanol	DM5KYPJ	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Butorphanol.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[22]
Oxymorphone	DM65AGJ	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Oxymorphone.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[22]
Levorphanol	DMGS80V	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Levorphanol.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[22]
Hydromorphone	DMHP21E	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Hydromorphone.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[22]
Dezocine	DMJDB0Y	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Dezocine.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[22]
Codeine	DMJX6ZG	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Codeine.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[22]
Nalbuphine	DMOSQGU	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Nalbuphine.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[22]
Buprenorphine	DMPRI8G	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Buprenorphine.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[31]
Hydrocodone	DMQ2JO5	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Hydrocodone.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[22]
Tramadol	DMRQD04	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Tramadol.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[22]
Meperidine	DMX4GND	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Meperidine.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[22]
Oxycodone	DMXLKHV	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Oxycodone.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[22]
Fentanyl	DM8WAHT	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Fentanyl.	Sensation disturbance [MB40]	[22]
Sufentanil	DMU7YEL	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Sufentanil.	Sensation disturbance [MB40]	[22]
Tizanidine	DMR2IQ4	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Tizanidine.	Tonus and reflex abnormality [MB47]	[32]
Cetirizine	DMOMP9U	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Baclofen and Cetirizine.	Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08]	[33]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 33 DDI Information of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG

DIG Name	DIG ID	PubChem CID	Functional Classification
Beta-D-lactose	E00099	6134	Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Brushite	E00392	104805	Diluent
Crospovidone	E00626	Not Available	Disintegrant
Ferric hydroxide oxide yellow	E00539	23320441	Colorant
Magnesium stearate	E00208	11177	lubricant
Povidone	E00667	Not Available	Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
Silicon dioxide	E00670	Not Available	Anticaking agent; Opacifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Vinylpyrrolidone	E00668	Not Available	Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
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⏷ Show the Full List of 8 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug

Pharmaceutical Formulation

Formulation Name	Drug Dosage	Dosage Form	Route
Baclofen 10 mg tablet	10 mg	Oral Tablet	Oral
Baclofen 20 mg tablet	20 mg	Oral Tablet	Oral

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References

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2	Development of medications for alcohol use disorders: recent advances and ongoing challenges. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2005 May;10(2):323-43.
3	ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01706523) Open Label Extension Study of STX209 (Arbaclofen) in Autism Spectrum Disorders. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
4	BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
5	Critical Evaluation of Human Oral Bioavailability for Pharmaceutical Drugs by Using Various Cheminformatics Approaches
6	An FDA phase I clinical trial of quinacrine sterilization (QS). Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2003 Oct;83 Suppl 2:S45-9.
7	FDA approval: ado-trastuzumab emtansine for the treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2014 Sep 1;20(17):4436-41.
8	Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
9	Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
10	Synthesis and pharmacology of the baclofen homologues 5-amino-4-(4-chlorophenyl)pentanoic acid and the R- and S-enantiomers of 5-amino-3-(4-chlorop... J Med Chem. 1999 Jun 3;42(11):2053-9.
11	URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 241).
12	Gabapentin increases a tonic inhibitory conductance in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Anesthesiology. 2006 Aug;105(2):325-33.
13	Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
14	Interactions between dopamine and GABA in the control of ambulatory activity and neophobia in the mouse. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1998 Jan;59(1):239-47.
15	Arbaclofen placarbil, a novel R-baclofen prodrug: improved absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination properties compared with R-baclofen.J Pharmacol Exp Ther.2009 Sep;330(3):911-21.
16	URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 242).
17	Impact of acamprosate on behavior and brain-derived neurotrophic factor: an open-label study in youth with fragile X syndrome. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2013 Jul;228(1):75-84.
18	3-Thienyl- and 3-furylaminobutyric acids. Synthesis and binding GABAB receptor studies. J Med Chem. 1991 Aug;34(8):2557-60.
19	SGS742: the first GABA(B) receptor antagonist in clinical trials. Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 Oct 15;68(8):1479-87.
20	Reversal of disease-related pathologies in the fragile X mouse model by selective activation of GABAB receptors with arbaclofen. Sci Transl Med. 2012 Sep 19;4(152):152ra128.
21	Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
22	US Food and Drug Administration "FDA warns about serious risks and death when combining opioid pain or cough medicines with benzodiazepines requires its strongest warning.".
23	US Food and Drug Administration "FDA warns about serious risks and death when combining opioid pain or cough medicines with benzodiazepines requires its strongest warning.".
24	Warrington SJ, Ankier SI, Turner P "Evaluation of possible interactions between ethanol and trazodone or amitriptyline." Neuropsychobiology 15 (1986): 31-7. [PMID: 3725002]
25	Product Information. Alphagan (brimonidine ophthalmic). Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA.
26	Product Information. Zulresso (brexanolone). Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
27	Product Information. Reyvow (lasmiditan). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
28	Product Information. Addyi (flibanserin). Sprout Pharmaceuticals, Raleigh, NC.
29	Product Information. Thalomid (thalidomide). Celgene Corporation, Warren, NJ.
30	Hansen BS, Dam M, Brandt J, et al "Influence of dextropropoxyphene on steady state serum levels and protein binding of three anti-epileptic drugs in man." Acta Neurol Scand 61 (1980): 357-67. [PMID: 6998251]
31	Sekar M, Mimpriss TJ "Buprenorphine, benzodiazepines and prolonged respiratory depression." Anaesthesia 42 (1987): 567-8. [PMID: 3592200]
32	Product Information. Zanaflex (tizanidine). Acorda Therapeutics, Hawthorne, NY.
33	Product Information. Zyrtec (cetirizine). Pfizer US Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.